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If venous fistula pressure before treatment is below 25mmHg, the patient should be regarded as “high risk” for VND.
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Hans-Dietrich Polaschegg, Seminar: Venous needle dislodgement: A safety issue. Possible methods for detection and prevention of major blood loss. EDTNA/ERCA Conference, Prague, Sept 2008.
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The last two hours of dialysis is the most likely time for a VND incident.
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Mactier RA, Worth DP. Minimizing the Risk of Venous Needle Dislodgement during Haemodialysis. The Artery 41, 2007.
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Patients who lose more than 40% of their blood are more likely to suffer from permanent life-altering consequences such as stroke, and other permanent disabilities.
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Hurst J. Venous Needle Dislodgement. Renal Business Today. Sept 9, 2009.
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An average-size woman can lose more than 40% of her blood volume in less than 5 minutes.
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The Human Body - How Much Blood Is In the Average Human Body?
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In less than 7.5 minutes an average-size man receiving dialysis treatment can lose more than 50% of his blood volume from an undetected VND.
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The Human Body - How Much Blood Is In the Average Human Body?
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The number of fatal venous needle dislodgments in the United States may be between 40 and 136 annually.
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Sandroni S, Sherockman T, Hays-Leight, K. Catastrophic Hemorrhage from Venous Needle Dislodgement during Hemodialysis: Continued Risk of Avoidable Death and Progress toward a Solution
Presented at ASN/Renal Week, Philadelphia, Nov 2008.
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